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Downloading 2.0
Return of Napster is part of new wave of pay-to-play online music
Articles by PHIL KLOER - Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Friday, October 24, 2003
The cool cat is coming back.
Napster, the computer program that revolutionized how millions of people think about music, is getting ready for a public re-launch on Wednesday, this time as a legal, authorized service charging 99 cents per song. The Web site sports the famous Napster logo, a cat wearing headphones.
Napster joins iTunes, Apple's popular music store, which launched a version for Windows users last week (thus expanding its availability to tens of millions more computer users), and several other services. All of them offer hundreds of thousands of tracks for less than a buck.
"Welcome to the digital music revolution," promises Apple's iTunes Web site. It's really more of a counter-revolution, but the new wave of legal downloading programs might be the pivot point for the entire music industry, as it fights slumping CD sales and massive free downloading of songs.
More than 1 million copies of Apple's new iTunes for Windows were downloaded in the first three days, Apple said, and users bought more than 1 million songs in that period. When iTunes launched for Macs in March, it took seven days to reach the 1 million mark.
"I think there's potential for this to be the future path of music," says Tim Dowd, an Emory University associate professor of sociology who studies the music industry and file-sharing.
"If they can make it as easy to download as the illegal [services], that can work in their favor," he adds.
Brandon Stringfield, 18, has been testing Napster (sign-up is limited until Wednesday), after previously using the unauthorized music file-sharing program Kazaa. "I'd rate it pretty high," says the Atlanta accounting firm clerk. "It's an easy interface for finding new music -- that's what I love about it."
Other legal downloading platforms include MusicMatch, Rhapsody, and BuyMusic; computer manufacturer Dell and Web store Amazon.com are both reportedly considering joining the game.
Although they differ in specifics, for the most part they copy the file-sharing networks like Kazaa and Gnutella by making music available song by song, instead of only on CDs. They generally offer huge catalogs (often not as big as some of the illegal services) of current and past hits, from Eminem to Dean Martin. A few major musical acts still refuse to authorize online sales of their music, including the Beatles, Radiohead, Madonna and Metallica.
If the explosion of new sources to download music legally is the carrot, the Recording Industry Association of America continues to brandish its stick -- lawsuits against illegal file-sharers. The RIAA sued 261 file-sharers last month. Last week it mailed letters to 204 more file-sharers, warning them that they should contact the RIAA and discuss a settlement to avoid being sued. The letters were mailed to people sharing more than 1,000 songs.
Even with what appears to be a change in momentum, however, file-sharing is still much more popular than authorized downloading.
"You're not going to wave a magic wand and have this stop overnight," says Eric Garland, CEO of BigChampagne, a company that measures online file-sharing. "This is how a lot of people have chosen to get their music."
And it was Napster that introduced that choice. Created by code-writer Shawn Fanning (who's on board Napster 2.0 as an adviser) in 1999, it allowed anyone with an Internet connection to search for songs on other users' computers. The program spread like an epidemic, peaking at about 60 million users worldwide, before the music industry shut it down in 2001 through the courts.
While Napster struggled through bankruptcy court (the name was eventually bought by Roxio, a company best known for CD-burning software), many post-Napster clones sprang up. Instead of the music industry having one target, there were dozens of file-sharing systems, and an estimated 40 million users in the United States alone. Sales of recorded CDs have fallen sharply for three straight years, while sales of blank CDs have soared.
Analysts think the growing number of online music services will eventually shrink as users settle on one choice. Napster and iTunes seem to be well-positioned now because of name recognition; iTunes has been running since March (for Apple Macs only until now), and has sold more than 10 million songs so far.
"We have a bunch of very comparable services, each with their own natural constituencies, and the ability to market to their constituencies is what will determine their success," says Josh Bernoff, a Forrester Research analyst.
"The three keys are ease, cost and catalog," says Emory's Dowd. "They have to bring those three things together."
Comparing the services can be daunting and confusing. A number of popular CDs are available across the board, including Outkast's new "Speakerboxxx/The Love Below" and the latest from Sting, 50 Cent, Dido, Martina McBride, Coldplay and Mary J. Blige. But availability can still be capricious: John Mayer's new "Heavier Things" is available only on BuyMusic, and there it's offered only as a full CD at $12.79, instead of track by track. Some services allow you to burn songs to CDs easily and repeatedly, while others have arcane restrictions. In general, though, the new generation of legal download services is far superior to early attempts.
What's important to music fans, though, is not so much which service prevails, as it is the better options available. Many music fans have said they turned to file-sharing because the music industry was forcing them to, by selling only full CDs instead of individual songs. That excuse is now all but gone.
Contributing: news services
RATING FOR-PAY SERVICES
NAPSTER 2.0
Price per track: 99 cents per song;
$9.95 per album
Selection: 500,000 songs
Pros: Familiarity; lots of value-added content; message boards and user playlists help form communities
Cons: Nothing obvious
Note: Currently in beta testing; opens to public Wednesday, Oct. 29
APPLE ITUNES MUSIC STORE
Price per track: 99 cents per song;
$9.95 per album
Selection: 350,000 songs, increasing
to 400,000 next week
Pros: Easy to use; audiobooks; celebrity playlists
Cons: Could use more and better searching methods
Note: Now available for Windows PCs as well as Macs; only iPod-compatible service
MUSICMATCH
Price per track: 99 cents per song;
$9.99 per album
Selection: 240,000 songs
Pros: CD-quality sound; free streaming radio stations (more for $4.95/month subscription)
Cons: Boring graphics
Notes: Plans to double
selection over next year
RHAPSODY
Price: $9.95/month subscription; then 79 cents per track to burn to CD
Selection: 390,000 songs
Pros: CD-quality sound; eclectic choice of radio stations
Cons: Songs won't download to hard drive; hard to get a complete song list for an artist -- keeps giving you "editor's choices"
Notes: The only major service still requiring a monthly fee before you get started
BUYMUSIC
Price: 79 cents to $1.19 per song
Selection: 300,000-plus songs
Pros: Web-based service; no software to install on your PC
Cons: Multi-step download process more cumbersome than others
Notes : That name reminds users they're no longer downloading for free
-- Phil Kloer