Few children , born into a "civilized"
society, know anything about the notion of
giving up of rights . Certainly, there is
not any point in life that most people
consciously say "I shall give up my rights
to be a citizen", nor do they vocalize,
verbalize, or commit to writing, "I hereby
give up certain itemized rights." As for the
philosophers listed, I shall discuss those
you list. More is found on Jean-Jacques
Rousseau 1754-1762 at
http://www.uoregon.edu/~jboland/rousseau.html
Most remember him as the philosopher
associated with the image of the Native
American as the "noble savage". But, more to
the point, Locke and Rousseu talk about the
"General Will". The general will was like
the collective will of the people who come
together under the social contract. But,
Rousseu derived the notion of the General
Will, starting from the a priori that man as
an individual is free. Rousseau believed
that man does not achieve natural freedom
until he enters into a social contract. I
personally think this is balderdash, and
would point to BigKahunah, that neither
Locke nor Rousseau have the franchise on
being right. I can be just as correct as
they can, since these are philosophical
positions that do not owe their rightness or
wrongness owing to any objective standard by
which such matters can be arbitrated. Now,
on to Hobbes.
It is generally accepted that the hallmark
of Thomas Hobbes work, as far as rights, is
the work called The Leviathan, which was
published in 1651.
Hobbes, as many of the philosophers you
referenced did, thought that humans could
not exist well outside of entering into the
"social contract". This a priori, or first
assumption is unproven, and,as most students
of syllogistics know, if your "given" is not
true, then all things deduced from it are
suspect. According to Hobbes, we have a
natural right to do absolutely anything that
we believe will benefit us. In fact, all
three of these philosopher had fairies
dancing on the head of the pin, meaning they
were making up these arbitrary sets of
rights they placed generally into "natural
rights" and "social or societal rights", as
if this dichotomization, gives some sense of
scientific exactitude to these concepts they
create.
The natural rights would equal the rights I
am talking about. The "societal" rights are
the ones you seem to be talking about. In
essence, this unhappy trio of philosophers
advocated the notion that for men (they
talked little about women, which may not be
surprising since the word "chauvinism"
originally was referring to the beliefs of
Chauvin, who like Rousseau was French, and
he believed that the French were the only
superior people, so originally, chauvinism
was really an early form of ethnocentrism)
they relinquished their "natural rights" ,
basically begging to approach and become
accepted by society, in exchange for being
part of the society and thus, having these
artificial "societal rights". Hobbes did
maintain that citizens retain ONE natural
right, the right of self defense. This right
is not part of the social contract and not
given up. Actually, it was Hobbes contention
that it is impossible to give up this right.
Hobbes notion was that except for the right
of self defense, the other societal rights
are legal (or artificial) rights, and are
defined quite capriciously by whatever the
monarch (king or government) decides your
rights are.
But, since you retain the natural right of
self defense, Hobbes advocated that if the
sovereign and her troops came after you to
put you in jail, you do not have to go to
jail, and have the right to do anything to
stay out of jail, even including KILLING THE
SOVEREIGN!
Now, I would say that there are many people
who, though not versed in these teachings of
these philosophers, especially those of
European extraction, would go along with
this silliness of natural versus social
rights. I point out the European origin
part, because part of my heritage is Native
American, and I can state that this
artificial creation of natural versus social
rights would seem like a foreign concept.
And, as your name is BigKahunah, which comes
from Hawaii and the huna religion (most of
what we know about the religion of Max
Freedom Long), I assert that the native
Polynesians did not have a historical
perspective of natural versus societal
rights. This kind of excessive artificiality
on what is a basic human element, is
something that I think has been created
wholecloth out of those who want to promote
the notion that civilization, (and this is
usually, in an ethnocentric way, is
traditionally taken to mean Western
civilization) is somehow superior to a less
structured arrangement, ala the notion of
the nomadic tribes of the steppes of Russia.
This crazy notion can be traced back to
Greece and Rome. The Romans looked at people
like the Germanic tribes as being
"barbarians" because they failed to dress in
uniforms and march in geometric patterns.
They learned the folly of this notion when
the Romans were slaughtered in the Battle of
Teutoburg Forest, by a coaltion led by
Arminius. History is full of these stories
where the "civilized" group had their glutes
kicked by "barbarians". Even here in the
States, the haughty Hessian mercenaries, and
British regulars, were contemptuous of the
Americans because they found in an
"uncivilized" manner, meaning guerilla
tactics like hiding behind trees. The
British wanted them to line up in rows and
shoot at them in a face off.
I know I seem to be wandering far afield
here, but really I am not. Now, from what
you are saying, I see you have bought into
the "natural rights" vs. "social rights" and
"General Will" theory. And, for you, I see
why you believe I am wrong. But, I assert
that you and I can BOTH be right.
You may ask, how can two people with
diametrically opposite opinions both be
right? Here's an example. If you and I were
facing each other, and a third person orders
both of us to point to the right, we both
face in opposition directions, and yet are
both right.
Although I strongly disagree with your view,
I appreciate that you brought this
discussion into a deeper, more philosophical
realm. It doesn't hurt from time to time to
discuss the notions of past philosophers.
But, I did find a nexus of agreement with
you that, when a government fails to protect
our rights (although I claim one cannot
really loose any rights, or what Hobbes
would call "natural" rights) the citizens
have the duty to rise up and oppose that
government. Our founding fathers left us
with that charge.
But, ending on a thought provoking notion,
if each of us is born as a free person
(thanking God that the Roman empire was
destroyed by "barbarians", God bless those
barbarians), and has natural rights given by
God (or "just there" if one is an atheist)
how would it ever be possible to "give them
away" since they are not tangible things.
One could "enter into a social contract"
where one would say "I will not use certain
natural rights" but that would not mean they
went away, didn't still exist, or were not
still there , just awaiting the individual
to get enough courage to move away from an
oppressive society in which he or she found
themselves.